Blue Screen errors, also known as bug checks, STOP code errors, kernel errors, or BSOD errors, can happen when a critical issue forces Windows to shut down or restart unexpectedly to prevent data loss. You may encounter a message stating, "Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer" or something similar.
A hardware device, its driver, or software might have caused this error. To help determine the cause, the blue screen error might display a STOP code, such as PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA. When it's available, the module name of the code that was being executed is also listed after "What failed:".
Resolving Blue Screen errors in Windows
Basic Troubleshooting Steps for Blue Screen Errors
Remove any new hardware. If you added new hardware to your PC before the error, shut down your PC, remove the hardware, and try restarting.
Start your PC in safe mode. If you're having trouble restarting, you can start your PC in safe mode. See Start your PC in safe mode in Windows for details. From safe mode, you can try the remaining troubleshooting steps.
Check the Device Manager. Right-click the Start button and select Device Manager. Check to see if any devices are marked with the exclamation point (!). Right-click the device and select Update driver. If updating the driver doesn’t help, try disabling or uninstalling the device.
Check for sufficient free space on the hard drive. The operating system and some applications require sufficient free space to create swap files and perform other functions. Based on the system configuration, the exact requirement varies, but it's a good idea to have 10% to 15% of free space available.
Install the latest Windows Updates. To check for updates, select Start > Settings > Windows Update , then select Check for updates.
Try the Blue Screen Troubleshooter. In Windows, open Get Help. In the Get Help app, type Troubleshoot blue screen error. Follow the guided walkthrough in the Get Help app.
Resolving Blue Screen errors in Windows
Note: If you're not on a Windows device, you can run the Blue Screen Troubleshooter on your browser by going to Contact Microsoft Support and typing Troubleshoot blue screen error. Then follow the guided walkthrough under "Recommended Help".
Restore Windows. If none of these steps help, try restoring Windows using a system restore point, or one of the other options listed at Recovery options in Windows. Choose the recovery option that most closely matches your scenario.
In-Depth Solutions for Resolving Blue Screen Errors
Examine the Event Viewer. Review the system log within the Event Viewer for additional error messages that could identify the device or driver responsible for the error. For further details, see Open Event Viewer. Search for critical errors in the system log that happened at the same time as the blue screen.
Execute the Windows Memory Diagnostics tool. Enter Memory in the search box, then choose Windows Memory Diagnostic. Once the diagnostic has completed, check the results in the Event Viewer under the system log. Find the MemoryDiagnostics-Results entry to see the results.
Memory Dump Analysis. IT experts and developers may attempt to conduct a memory dump analysis. For more information and additional advanced troubleshooting techniques, refer to Advanced troubleshooting for stop or blue screen errors.
Windows startup settings
Applies To
You may need to adjust Windows startup settings to resolve issues, enhance startup processes, or change the system's boot behavior for specific purposes.
For instance, a typical troubleshooting option is to activate Safe Mode, which launches Windows in a minimal state, starting only essential services and drivers. If the issue does not occur in safe mode, you can rule out default settings, basic device drivers, and services as potential causes.
Other startup settings include advanced features designed for system administrators and IT professionals.
This article explains how to change Windows startup behavior and the options available.
Change startup settings
Note: If you’ve encrypted your device, you’ll need your BitLocker key to complete this task. If you don’t know your BitLocker key, see Find your BitLocker recovery key.
Once in Windows RE, select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart
Startup settings list
Below is a list of startup settings available for selection. To choose one, use the number keys or function keys F1-F9:
Activate debugging. Launches Windows in an advanced troubleshooting mode designed for IT experts and system administrators.
Enable boot logging. Creates a file, ntbtlog.txt, that lists all the drivers that are installed during startup and that might be useful for advanced troubleshooting
Enable low-resolution video. Starts Windows using your current video driver and using low resolution and refresh rate settings. You can use this mode to reset your display settings
Enable Safe Mode. Safe mode starts Windows in a basic state, using a limited set of files and drivers. If a problem doesn't happen in safe mode, this means that default settings and basic device drivers aren't causing the issue. Observing Windows in safe mode enables you to narrow down the source of a problem and can help you troubleshoot problems on your device
Safe Mode with Networking. Safe Mode with Networking adds the network drivers and services you'll need to access the internet and other computers on your network
Safe Mode with Command Prompt. Starts Windows in safe mode with a command prompt window instead of the usual Windows interface
Disable Driver Signature Enforcement. Allows drivers containing improper signatures to be installed
Disable early launch anti-malware protection . Early launch anti-malware protection (ELAM) is a security feature in Windows that allows anti-malware software to start before all other third-party components during the boot process. ELAM ensures that the system does not initialize unknown boot drivers that could be malicious. Select this option to temporarily disable ELAM
Disable automatic restart on system failure. Prevents Windows from automatically restarting if an error causes Windows to fail. Choose this option only if Windows is stuck in a loop where Windows fails, attempts to restart, and fails again repeatedly
You can press Enter to start Windows normally.
What if Windows keeps booting in Safe Mode?
Restarting your device should be sufficient to exit from Safe Mode back into normal mode. However, if for some reason your device is still booting into Safe Mode, try this:
Press the Windows key + R
In the Open box, type msconfig and then select OK
Select the Boot tab
Under Boot options, clear the Safe boot checkbox
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